Our vision towards the content that we watch on TV has changed drastically in the past few years. With technological advances, entertainment is available on demand for viewers at any time and place. With the growth of web streaming systems such as Netflix and Amazon Prime Video, watching an entire show without waiting for the release of the next episodes has become effortless. As a result, television can now shape our emotions, alter our attitudes and thinking and consequently, bring about a change in our behaviours. But seldom do we understand or even realise its impact on our mental health. So, today, let’s delve deeper into the world of TV dramas and how they affect us.
Escapism, Emotional Healing or Unrealistic Expectations?
Escapism has been defined as a psychological strategy employed by individuals to distract from real-life problems. The core components of escapism are seeking relief from negative feelings and demands of real life. Individuals who engage in excessive watching of telly dramas often feel lonely and therefore, consider TV dramas an effective way to seek solace. This may be because it promotes transportation experiences and helps them avoid, at least temporarily, the negative emotions attached to loneliness. In fact, escapism has long been considered a major motivation to influence television viewing behaviour and for those who feel socially isolated, the perception of alienation produces the desire to escape, a desire which the mass media are presumed to be instrumental in satisfying. They utilize escapism as a coping strategy to compensate for the lack of social ties.
Relevantly, lonely individuals satisfy their needs for social connection by identifying with a media character, thus, experiencing social relationships through the media narrative. These individuals put themselves in the character’s place and participate in the character’s experiences. They develop an imaginary relationship with the character’s persona which in turn, promotes empathic connection with the media character through emotional and cognitive absorption into the media narrative. Through this process, viewers temporarily assume the media character’s perspective, and by vicariously experiencing its relationships, viewers satisfy the fundamental human need to develop and maintain worthwhile social bonds. Therefore, in the absence of significant relationships, individuals may derive partial satisfaction from various substitute interactions, as it could be by identifying with TV series characters. In addition, exposure to romantic TV dramas could also promote the development of vicarious romantic relations with the media character.
Need for cognition is another phenomenon that can help explain television viewing behaviour in individuals. Need for cognition is described as “a need to structure relevant situations in meaningful, integrated ways. It is a need to understand and make sense of the experiential world.” The less comfortable one is to think by themselves, the more they prefer to escape this pressure to think by watching television. TV dramas are available 24/7 and they serve as a significant means to distract oneself from their thoughts. It relieves the pressure to think by themselves, especially for those whose thinking patterns are predominantly negative and distressing.
Additionally, media portrayals of romantic relationships influence the way people think about the supposed workings of those relationships. Once people are exposed to television sitcoms and dramas, they begin to believe and fantasize how their relationships should be because most people (depending on time spent watching television) begin to believe what they see on television, some of which being quite unrealistic. This leads to the creation of idealized beliefs about marriage among many people. They then begin to have unrealistic expectations of their partners to deliver empathetic communication perfectly and read their minds for the success of their relationships. Since media content is selected in order to maximise pleasure and minimise aversion, these choices are made mindlesslessly without the consideration of their effects. For instance, someone going through a recent breakup may select tv shows that relate to the break up without thinking about it. This indicates that people may choose the media they consume to satisfy their social and emotional needs.
These are particularly influential on adolescents because adolescence is the age where individuals begin to learn about love and romantic relationships. Therefore, they are looking to the media to learn how to understand the roles and workings of such relationships. Because adolescents are still in the early stages of learning about love and relationships, they are easily influenced and imitate what they have learned from television. As a result, they are frequently the main target of a lot of sitcoms and certain dramas since they are far more susceptible to unrealistic messages. However, this illustrated reality is often inconsistent with the objective reality of the world.
Apart from that, television portrayals of the medical field also influence the public’s perception of physicians, nurses, patients and hospitals. While medical dramas strive to maintain accuracy, their need to entice viewers with drama may lead to a representation of health care that is significantly removed from real life and develop an unrealistic perception of the daily events and activities involving patients and staff at their local hospital. This is particularly true for trauma patients and their families who may become overoptimistic about the recovery timelines and processes.
Television images also provide an unrealistic preview of the workplace by distorting viewer perceptions of what actually occurs in the workplace. Commonly portrayed televised workplace images may have an impact on organizational outcomes, as these unrealistic images become the basis for individual expectations within the actual workplace. Television depictions are often unrealistic in terms of the workforce required and their behaviours. There is often an overrepresentation of individuals in professional and high-status careers and TV dramas often downplay the educational requirement for specific occupations. Consequences of negative workplace behaviours such as sexual harassment are also downplayed and disregarded.
Whether telly dramas offer a way of escapism, provide emotional healing or build unrealistic expectations is an entangled phenomenon. They can serve as comforting companions, offering a temporary refuge from reality and even helping viewers process complex emotions through vicarious experiences. At the same time, they risk creating distorted ideals about relationships, careers, and everyday life, often leaving viewers with unrealistic expectations and subtle dissatisfaction. Therefore, mindful viewing becomes essential so that individuals can harness the emotional comfort of telly dramas without letting them quietly undermine their mental well-being.
Photo Credits:
First image: freepik
Second image: freepik
References
Gabbiadini, A., Baldissarri, C., Valtorta, R. R., Durante, F., & Mari, S. (2021). Loneliness, escapism, and identification with media characters: An exploration of the psychological factors underlying binge-watching tendency. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 785970.
Henning, B., & Vorderer, P. (2001). Psychological escapism: Predicting the amount of television viewing by need for cognition. Journal of Communication, 51(1), 100-120.
Merritt, T. P. (2010). How TV Promotes an Unrealistic Image of Romantic Relationships.
Serrone, R. O., Weinberg, J. A., Goslar, P. W., Wilkinson, E. P., Thompson, T. M., Dameworth, J. L., … & Petersen, S. R. (2018). Grey’s Anatomy effect: television portrayal of patients with trauma may cultivate unrealistic patient and family expectations after injury. Trauma surgery & acute care open, 3(1).
Waldeck, N. E. (2009). The Relationship Between Television Exposure and Individual Work Expectations: An Empirical Study 1. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 39(1), 208-234.
Sakshi
About the author
Sakshi is a clinical psychologist with a deep passion for understanding human behavior, a strong drive for research, and a keen eye for psychological intricacies. Committed to continuous learning, she seeks to explore every facet of psychology, from theory to practice, to better support and empower individuals. With a curiosity that fuels her pursuit of knowledge, she strives to bridge the gap between research and real-world applications, making psychology more accessible and impactful.
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